93ebee7f-097a-44aa-b967-87e99dc49c9b20250807133436917naun:naunmdt@crossref.orgMDT DepositInternational Journal of Education and Information Technologies2074-131610.46300/9109http://www.naun.org/cms.action?id=3037131202513120251910.46300/9109.2025.19https://npublications.com/journals/educationinformation/2025.phpLazarPendovFaculty of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, BulgariaIvanGanchevFaculty of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, BulgariaThis paper describes a proposed Bluetooth-based ‘epidemic’ method, named MEPI (Messaging EPIdemic), for spreading urgent messages in cases of emergency, e.g., caused by natural disasters or industrial accidents. Messages are initially broadcast by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), flying over the affected areas, and distributed further by the assistance of multiple cooperating electronic devices of users currently located there. Thе method is particularly relevant in scenarios where conventional telecommunication infrastructures are unavailable or non-functional, e.g., due to an occurred disaster/accident. The utilization of the MEPI method is demonstrated on an example of a disaster/accident with an epicenter, spreading radially in all directions with the same speed of onset. A MEPI admin app, specially developed for message spreading, is briefly presented as well.87202587202513814314https://npublications.com/journals/educationinformation/2025/a302008-0015(2025).pdf10.46300/9109.2025.19.14https://npublications.com/journals/educationinformation/2025/a302008-0015(2025).pdfC. Liu, W. Feng, Y. Chen, C.-X. Wang, and N. Ge, “Cell-Free Satellite-UAV Networks for 6G Wide-Area Internet of Things,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 1116-1131, April 2021, DOI: 10.1109/JSAC.2020.3018837. 10.1109/wconf58270.2023.10235255S. Sriram, “Determination of Maximum Allowable Data Transfer Rate by Bluetooth LET Energy Method in WSN,” in Proc. 2023 World Conference on Communication & Computing (WCONF), RAIPUR, India, 2023, pp. 1-6. DOI: 10.1109/WCONF58270.2023.10235255. 10.1109/ccnc49032.2021.9369621R. Hasan, R. Hasan, and T. Islam. “InSight: A Bluetooth Beacon-based Ad-hoc Emergency Alert System for Smart Cities,” in Proc. 2021 IEEE 18th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC), Las Vegas, NV, USA, 2021, pp. 1-6. DOI: 10.1109/CCNC49032.2021.9369621. 10.3390/electronics12224599B. Black, J. Rafferty, J. Santos, A. Ennis, P. Perry, and M. McKee, “Bluetooth 5.0 Suitability Assessment for Emergency Response within Fire Environments,” Electronics, vol. 12, no. 22, pp. 4599, 2023. DOI: 10.3390/electronics12224599. 10.1371/journal.pone.0227808F. Greenwood, E. L. Nelson, and P. G. Greenough, “Flying into the Hurricane: A Case Study of UAV Use in Damage Assessment During the 2017 Hurricanes in Texas and Florida,” PLoS One, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. e0227808, 2020. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227808. 10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_61T. Glade, and D. E. Alexander, “Classification of Natural Disasters,” in Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards, Bobrowsky P.T. (Ed.). Springer – Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New York. pp. 78-82. 2013. 10.46586/tosc.v2016.i1.158-176A. Luykx, B. Mennink, and S. Neves, “Security Analysis of BLAKE2’s Modes of Operation,” IACR Transactions on Symmetric Cryptology, vol. 2016, no. 1, pp. 158-176, 2016. DOI: 10.13154/tosc.v2016.i1.158-176. 10.1007/978-3-030-91625-1_2C. P. García, and S. Sovio, “Size, Speed, and Security: An Ed25519 Case Study,” in Proc. 26th Nordic Conference on Secure IT Systems (NordSec), virtual event, 2021, pp. 16-30. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91625- 1_2. R. Dusing, “Cordova-plugin-bluetoothle,” https://github.com/randdusing/cordova-pluginbluetoothle [last accessed July 21, 2025]. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), “Advanced Encryption Standard (AES),” Gaithersburg, 2023. DOI: 10.6028/NIST.FIPS.197-upd1. 10.6028/nist.fips.202National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), “SHA-3 Standard: Permutation-Based Hash and Extendable-Output Functions,” Gaithersburg, 2015. DOI: 10.6028/NIST.FIPS.202. 10.17487/rfc9106A. Biryukov, D. Dinu, and D. Khovratovich, “Argon2: The Memory-hard Function for Password Hashing and Other Applications,” PHC release March 24, 2017 https://www.cryptolux.org/images/0/0d/Argon2.pdf [last accessed July 21, 2025]. D. J. Bernstein, “ChaCha, a variant of Salsa20,” 2008. https://cr.yp.to/chacha/chacha-20080128.pdf [last accessed July 21, 2025]. 10.1145/359340.359342R. L. Rivest, A. Shamir, and L. Adleman, “A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public-Key Cryptosystems,” Communications of the ACM, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 120-126. 1978. DOI: 10.1145/359340.359342. 10.1007/s102070100002D. Johnson, A. Menezes, and S. Vanstone, “The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA),” International Journal of Information Security, vol. 1, pp. 36-63, 2001. DOI: 10.1007/s102070100002.