<doi_batch xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/schema/4.4.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" version="4.4.0"><head><doi_batch_id>74054443-24ab-4697-879a-9c261f55307e</doi_batch_id><timestamp>20241122055038935</timestamp><depositor><depositor_name>naun:naun</depositor_name><email_address>mdt@crossref.org</email_address></depositor><registrant>MDT Deposit</registrant></head><body><journal><journal_metadata language="en"><full_title>International Journal of Education and Information Technologies</full_title><issn media_type="electronic">2074-1316</issn><archive_locations><archive name="Portico"/></archive_locations><doi_data><doi>10.46300/9109</doi><resource>http://www.naun.org/cms.action?id=3037</resource></doi_data></journal_metadata><journal_issue><publication_date media_type="online"><month>3</month><day>12</day><year>2024</year></publication_date><publication_date media_type="print"><month>3</month><day>12</day><year>2024</year></publication_date><journal_volume><volume>18</volume><doi_data><doi>10.46300/9109.2024.18</doi><resource>https://npublications.com/journals/educationinformation/2024.php</resource></doi_data></journal_volume></journal_issue><journal_article language="en"><titles><title>The added value of Learning Analytics in Higher Education</title></titles><contributors><person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author"><given_name>Sotiria</given_name><surname>Gourna</surname><affiliation>Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Agribusiness and Supply Chain Management, 1st km Old National Road Thebes-Elefsis, Thebes, 32200, Greece</affiliation></person_name><person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author"><given_name>Artemis</given_name><surname>Rigou</surname><affiliation>Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Agribusiness and Supply Chain Management, 1st km Old National Road Thebes-Elefsis, Thebes, 32200, Greece</affiliation></person_name><person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author"><given_name>Foteini</given_name><surname>Kyriazi</surname><affiliation>Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Agribusiness and Supply Chain Management, 1st km Old National Road Thebes-Elefsis, Thebes, 32200, Greece</affiliation></person_name><person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author"><given_name>Catherine</given_name><surname>Marinagi</surname><affiliation>Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Agribusiness and Supply Chain Management, 1st km Old National Road Thebes-Elefsis, Thebes, 32200, Greece</affiliation></person_name></contributors><jats:abstract xmlns:jats="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1"><jats:p>Learning Analytics (LA) is a field of research and practice that uses data analysis to comprehend and optimize learning and the environment in which learning takes place. As an AI tool in higher education, LA is expected to improve student learning and support the academic community in teaching delivery, institutional management, long-term research and development, innovation, data-driven decision-making, and more. We have conducted a literature review to explore these issues and examine the added value of LA in higher education. We have focused on the key issues that educational institutions need to consider to get the most out of LA use. The findings of this review reveal that the proper use of the LA toolkit can enhance the development of an appropriate educational environment through the careful determination of ethics and policies that support the main institutional objective, and the study of opportunities, challenges, and trends in the sector. The key challenges of using AI tools like LA in Higher Education are data privacy and protection, data ownership, data heterogeneity, potential biases in AI algorithms, and the need for alignment of institutional strategies for LA with pedagogical approaches. The trends highlight the current advances in LA that give added value in higher education.</jats:p></jats:abstract><publication_date media_type="online"><month>11</month><day>22</day><year>2024</year></publication_date><publication_date media_type="print"><month>11</month><day>22</day><year>2024</year></publication_date><pages><first_page>133</first_page><last_page>142</last_page></pages><publisher_item><item_number item_number_type="article_number">13</item_number></publisher_item><ai:program xmlns:ai="http://www.crossref.org/AccessIndicators.xsd" name="AccessIndicators"><ai:free_to_read start_date="2024-11-22"/><ai:license_ref applies_to="am" start_date="2024-11-22">https://npublications.com/journals/educationinformation/2024/a262008-013(2024).pdf</ai:license_ref></ai:program><archive_locations><archive name="Portico"/></archive_locations><doi_data><doi>10.46300/9109.2024.18.13</doi><resource>https://npublications.com/journals/educationinformation/2024/a262008-013(2024).pdf</resource></doi_data><citation_list><citation key="ref0"><doi>10.19173/irrodl.v24i2.7063</doi><unstructured_citation>T. Bates, Teaching in a Digital Age: Guidelines for Designing and Learning, 2nd ed., Vancouver, BC: Tony Bates Associates Limited, 2019. https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/textbooks/teaching -in-a-digital-age-guidelines-for-designing-teaching-andlearning-for-a-digital-age. Accessed 20-06-24. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref1"><doi>10.3390/su16146118</doi><unstructured_citation>E. Katsamakas, O.V. Pavlov, and R. Saklad, “Artificial Intelligence and the Transformation of Higher Education Institutions: A Systems Approach,” Sustainability, vol. 16, no. 14, 6118, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16146118. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref2"><doi>10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0</doi><unstructured_citation>O. Zawacki-Richter, V.I. Marín, M. Bond, and F. Gouverneur, “Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education – where are the educators?,” International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, vol. 16, article no. 39, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239- 019-0171-0. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref3"><doi>10.1109/access.2022.3177752</doi><unstructured_citation>T. Shaik, T. Xiaohui, Y. Li, C. Dann, J. McDonald, P. Redmond, and L. Galligan, “A Review of the Trends and Challenges in Adopting Natural Language Processing Methods for Education Feedback Analysis,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 56720–56739, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3177752. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref4"><doi>10.1186/s40561-022-00192-z</doi><unstructured_citation>M. Yağcı, “Educational data mining: prediction of students’ academic performance using machine learning algorithms,” Smart Learning Environments, vol. 9, no. 11, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561- 022-00192-z. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref5"><doi>10.1108/idd-06-2018-0018</doi><unstructured_citation>S. El Alfy, J. Marx Gómez and A. Dani, “Exploring the benefits and challenges of learning analytics in higher education institutions: a systematic literature review,” Information Discovery and Delivery, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 25–34, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1108/IDD-06- 2018-0018. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref6"><doi>10.1177/0002764213498851</doi><unstructured_citation>G. Siemens, “Learning Analytics: The Emergence of a Discipline,” American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 1380–1400, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764213498851. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref7"><doi>10.1016/j.chb.2018.07.027</doi><unstructured_citation>O. Viberg, M. Hatakka, O. Bälter, and A. Mavroudi, “The current landscape of learning analytics in higher education,” Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 89, pp. 98–110, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.07.027. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref8"><doi>10.1111/bjet.13234</doi><unstructured_citation>C. Mutimukwe, O. Viberg, L.M. Oberg, and T. Cerratto-Pargman, “Students' privacy concerns in learning analytics: Model development,” British Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 53, pp. 935–951, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13234. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref9"><doi>10.1111/hequ.12192</doi><unstructured_citation>T. Posselt, N. Abdelkafi, L. Fischer, and C. Tangour, “Opportunities and challenges of higher education institutions in Europe: An analysis from a business model perspective,” Higher Education Quarterly, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 100–115, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12192. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref10"><unstructured_citation>M. Saaida, “AI-Driven transformations in higher education: Opportunities and challenges,” International Journal of Educational Research and Studies,” vol. 5, no. 1, 2023, pp. 29–36, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164414. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref11"><doi>10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.3.0088</doi><unstructured_citation>O. Akinrinola, C.C. Okoye, O. C. Ofodile, and C. E. Ugochukwu, “Navigating and reviewing ethical dilemmas in AI development: Strategies for transparency, fairness, and accountability,” GSC Advance Research and Reviews, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 50– 58, 2024. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.3.0088. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref12"><doi>10.1111/bjet.12907</doi><unstructured_citation>X. Chen, D. Zou, and H. Xie, “Fifty years of British Journal of Educational Technology: A topic modeling based bibliometric perspective,” British Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 692–708, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12907. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref13"><doi>10.1186/s12911-018-0594-x</doi><unstructured_citation>X. Chen, X. Xie, F. L. Wang, Z. Liu, J. Xu, and T. Hao, “A bibliometric analysis of natural language processing in medical research,” BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-018-0594-x. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref14"><doi>10.1007/s10639-022-11536-0</doi><unstructured_citation>N. Sghir, A. Adadi, and M. Lahmer, “Recent advances in Predictive Learning Analytics: A decade systematic review (2012–2022),” Education and Information Technologies, vol. 28, pp. 8299–8333, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11536-0. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref15"><doi>10.3390/admsci13090196</doi><unstructured_citation>G. Babu and O. Wooden, “Managing the Strategic Transformation of Higher Education through Artificial Intelligence,” Administrative Sciences, vol. 13, 196, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13090196. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref16"><doi>10.53761/caraaq92</doi><unstructured_citation>A. Nguyen, M. Kremantzis, A. Essien, I. Petrounias, and S. Hosseini, “Enhancing Student Engagement Through Artificial Intelligence (AI): Understanding the Basics, Opportunities, and Challenges,” Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, vol. 21, no. 06, pp. 1, 2024. https://doi.org/10.53761/caraaq92. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref17"><doi>10.1007/s10639-022-11281-4</doi><unstructured_citation>S. Heikkinen, M. Saqr, J. Malmberg, and M. Tedre, “Supporting self-regulated learning with learning analytics interventions – a systematic literature review,” Education and Information Technologies, vol. 28, pp. 3059–3088, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022- 11281-4. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref18"><doi>10.1007/978-3-319-52977-6_1</doi><unstructured_citation>P. Leitner, M. Khalil, and M. Ebner, “Learning Analytics in Higher Education—A Literature Review,” In: Peña-Ayala, A. Eds., Learning Analytics: Fundaments, Applications, and Trends. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol. 94, Springer, Cham, 2017, pp. 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3- 319-52977-6_1. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref19"><doi>10.1002/widm.1355</doi><unstructured_citation>C. Romero and S. Ventura, “Educational data mining and learning analytics: An updated survey,” Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, vol. 10, no. 3, e1355, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/widm.1355. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref20"><doi>10.3390/app10031042</doi><unstructured_citation>J. L. Rastrollo-Guerrero, J. A. Gómez-Pulido, and A. Durán-Domínguez, “Analyzing and predicting students’ performance by means of machine learning: A Review,” Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 3, 1042, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10031042. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref21"><unstructured_citation>C. V. Müller, “Ethics of artificial intelligence and robotics”, in E. N. Zalta, Ed., Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Palo Alto: CSLI, Stanford University, 2020, pp. 1–70. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethicsai/. Accessed: 02-08-24. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref22"><doi>10.18608/jla.2021.1</doi><unstructured_citation>T. Cerratto Pargman, and C. McGrath, “Mapping the ethics of learning analytics in higher education: A systematic literature review of empirical research,” Journal of Learning Analytics, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 123– 139, 2021. https://doi.org/10.18608/jla.2021.1. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref23"><doi>10.18608/jla.2023.7975</doi><unstructured_citation>M. Francis, M. Avoseh, K. Card, L. Newland, and K. Streff, “Student Privacy and Learning Analytics: Investigating the Application of Privacy Within a Student Success Information System in Higher Education,” Journal of Learning Analytics, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 102–114, 2023. https://doi.org/10.18608/jla.2023.7975. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref24"><doi>10.1145/3027385.3027400</doi><unstructured_citation>Y.-S. Tsai and D. Gasevic, “Learning analytics in higher education - challenges and policies: a review of eight learning analytics policies,” LAK ’17: Proceedings of the Seventh International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference, Mar. 2017, pp. 233–242. https://doi.org/10.1145/3027385.3027400. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref25"><unstructured_citation>B. Dietz-Uhler and J. E. Hurn, “Using learning analytics to predict (and improve) student success: A faculty perspective,” Journal of Interactive Online Learning, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 17–26, 2013. https://www.ncolr.org/issues/jiol/v12/n1/using-learninganalytics-to-predict-and-improve-student-success.html. Accessed 20-06-24. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref26"><unstructured_citation>W. Greller and H. Drachsler, “Translating learning into numbers: A generic framework for learning analytics,” Journal of Educational Technology and Society, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 42–57, 2012. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1R84FXoT3W3X6C2JV 1BBXha3tCoOQiQ7l/view. Accessed 05-06-24. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref27"><doi>10.1080/2331186x.2022.2162697</doi><unstructured_citation>S. Caspari-Sadeghi, “Learning assessment in the age of big data: Learning analytics in higher education,” Cogent Education, vol. 10, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2162697. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref28"><doi>10.1007/978-3-319-17727-4_15-1</doi><unstructured_citation>Z. Papamitsiou and A. A. Economides, “Learning analytics for smart learning environments: A metaanalysis of empirical research results from 2009 to 2015,” in J. M. Spector, B. B. Lockee, and D. M. Childress, Eds., Learning, design, and Technology: An international compendium of theory, research, practice, and policy, New York: Springer, 2016, pp. 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17727-4_15-1. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref29"><doi>10.7176/jep/10-12-05</doi><unstructured_citation>O. Adejo and T. Connolly, “Learning analytics in higher education development: A roadmap,” Journal of Education and Practice, vol. 8, no. 15, pp. 156–163, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7176/JEP https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEP/article/view/370 46. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref30"><doi>10.24059/olj.v20i2.790</doi><unstructured_citation>J.T. Avella, M. Kebritchi, S.G. Nunn, and T. Kanai, “Learning analytics methods, benefits, and challenges in higher education: A systematic literature review,” in K. Vignare, P. Moskal, A.F. Wise, and M. Pistilli, Eds. Special Issue on Online Learning Analytics. Online Learning Journal, vol. 20, no. 2, 2016. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v20i2.790. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref31"><doi>10.1007/s10639-022-11323-x</doi><unstructured_citation>A.S. Alzahrani, Y.S. Tsai, S. Iqbal, P.M.M. Marcos, M. Scheffel, H. Drachsler, C. D. Kloos, N. Aljohani, and D. Gasevic, “Untangling connections between challenges in the adoption of learning analytics in higher education,” Education and Information Technologies, vol. 28, pp. 4563–4595, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11323-x. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref32"><doi>10.1145/3303772.3303796</doi><unstructured_citation>S. Slade, P. Prinsloo, and M. Khalil, “Learning analytics at the intersections of student trust, disclosure and benefit,” in D. Azcona and R. Chumg Eds., ICPS Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge – LAK 2019, March 4-8, Temple, Arizona, USA, 2019, New York: ACM, pp. 235–244. https://doi.org/10.1145/3303772.3303796. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref33"><doi>10.1007/978-3-319-99713-1_5</doi><unstructured_citation>C. F. Mondschein and C. Monda, “The EU’s general data protection regulation (GDPR) in a research context,” in P. Kubben, M. Dumontier, and A. Dekker, Eds., Fundamentals of Clinical Data Science, Springer, 2019, pp. 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319- 99713-1_5. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref34"><doi>10.1007/s11423-016-9464-3</doi><unstructured_citation>D. West, H. Huijser, and D. Heath, “Putting an ethical lens on learning analytics,” Educational Technology Research and Development, vol. 64, no. 5, pp. 903– 922, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-016-9464-3. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref35"><doi>10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01959</doi><unstructured_citation>L. D. Roberts, J. A. Howell, K. Seaman, and D. C. Gibson, “Student attitudes toward learning analytics in higher education: ‘the Fitbit version of the learning world’,” Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 7, pp. 1-11, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01959. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref36"><doi>10.1177/0002764213479366</doi><unstructured_citation>S. Slade and P. Prinsloo, “Learning analytics: Ethical issues and dilemmas,” American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 57, no. 10, pp. 1510–1529, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764213479366. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref37"><doi>10.1126/science.aax2342</doi><unstructured_citation>Z. Obermeyer, B. Powers, C. Vogeli, and S. Mullainathan, “Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations,” Science, vol. 366, no. 6464, pp. 447–453, 2019. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aax2342. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref38"><doi>10.18608/jla.2016.33.11</doi><unstructured_citation>D. B. Knight, C. Brozina, and B. Novoselich, “An investigation of first-year engineering student and instructor perspectives of learning analytics approaches,” Journal of Learning Analytics, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 215–238, 2016. https://doi.org/10.18608/jla.2016.33.11. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref39"><unstructured_citation>K. L. Webber and H. Zheng, Big data on campus: data analytics and decision making in higher education, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2020. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref40"><unstructured_citation>L. Macfadyen and S. Dawson, “Numbers are not enough. Why e-learning analytics failed to inform an institutional strategic plan,” Educational Technology and Society, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 149–163, Jan. 2012. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1TTNkuJmWOYsB_np3 Et7ozDuqlSCqWMrd/view Accessed 05-06-24. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref41"><doi>10.1080/0144929x.2018.1512940</doi><unstructured_citation>M. D. Lytras, N. Aljohani, A. Visvizi, P. Ordonez De Pablos, and D. Gasevic, “Advanced decision-making in higher education: learning analytics research and key performance indicators,” Behaviour and Information Technology, vol. 37, nos. 10-11, pp. 937–940, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2018.1512940. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref42"><doi>10.18608/jla.2024.8131</doi><unstructured_citation>I. Kotorov, Y. Krasylnykova, M. Pérez-Sanagustín, F. Mansilla, and J. Broisin, “Supporting Decision-Making for Promoting Teaching and Learning Innovation: A Multiple Case Study,” Journal of Learning Analytics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 21–36, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18608/jla.2024.8131. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref43"><unstructured_citation>A. Mountford-Zimdars, D. Sabri, J. Moore, J. Sanders, S. Jones, and L. Higham, Causes of differences in student outcomes, London UK: HEFCE, July 2015. https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/3279 9307/FULL_TEXT.PDF. Accessed 10-06-24. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref44"><doi>10.1145/3027385.3027396</doi><unstructured_citation>R. Ferguson and D. Clow, “Where is the evidence? A call to action for learning analytics,” in LAK 2017 Proceedings of the Seventh International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference, ACM International Conference Proceedings Series, New York, USA: ACM, 2017, pp. 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1145/3027385.3027396. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref45"><unstructured_citation>R. Ferguson, A. Brasher, D. Clow, A. Cooper, G. Hillaire, J. Mittelmeier, B. Rienties, T. Ullmann and R. Vuorikari, “Research evidence on the use of learning analytics: Implications for education policy,” in R. Vuorikari and J. Castanõ Munõz, Eds. Joint research centre science for policy report; EUR 28294 EN, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016, pp. 1–152. https://doi.org/10.2791/955210. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref46"><doi>10.1080/02602938.2019.1682118</doi><unstructured_citation>E. Foster and R. Siddle, “The effectiveness of learning analytics for identifying at-risk students in higher education,” Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, vol. 45, no. 06, pp. 842–854, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2019.1682118. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref47"><doi>10.1080/02602938.2016.1174187</doi><unstructured_citation>K. Zimbardi, K. Colthorpe, A. Dekker, C. Engstrom, A. Bugarcic, P. Worthy, R. Victor, P. Chunduri, L. Lluka and P. Long, “Are they using my feedback? The extent of students’ feedback use has a large impact on subsequent academic performance,” Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 625– 644, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2016.1174187. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref48"><doi>10.1080/02602938.2017.1353586</doi><unstructured_citation>J. Vulperhorst, C. Lutz, R. de Kleijn, and J. van Tartwijk, “Disentangling the predictive validity of high school grades for academic success in university,” Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 399–414, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2017.1353586. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref49"><doi>10.14569/ijacsa.2023.0140642</doi><unstructured_citation>S. Gaftandzhieva, S. Hussain, S. Hilcenko, R. Doneva, and K. Boykova, “Data-driven Decision Making in Higher Education Institutions: State-of-play” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), vol. 14, no. 6, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2023.0140642. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref50"><doi>10.18608/jla.2023.7935</doi><unstructured_citation>G. Ramaswami, T. Susnjak, and A. Mathrani, “Effectiveness of a Learning Analytics Dashboard for Increasing Student Engagement Levels,” Journal of Learning Analytics, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 115–134, 2023. https://doi.org/10.18608/jla.2023.7935. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref51"><doi>10.1007/s10639-024-12913-7</doi><unstructured_citation>C.C. Yang, J-Y. Wu, and O. Hiroaki, “Learning analytics dashboard-based self-regulated learning approach for enhancing students’ e-book-based blended learning,” Education and Information Technologies, pp. 1–22, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12913-7. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref52"><doi>10.1007/978-981-99-1414-2_51</doi><unstructured_citation>X. Shacklock, “From bricks to clicks: The potential of data and analytics in higher education,” The Higher Education Commission’s (HEC) report, 26 Jan. 2016. https://www.policyconnect.org.uk/research/reportbricks-clicks-potential-data-and-analytics-highereducation. Accessed 20-06-24. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref53"><doi>10.1007/978-3-031-45630-5_3</doi><unstructured_citation>KNIME, 2024. KNIME Analytics Platform. Open source story. https://www.knime.com/knime-opensource-story Accessed: 02-08-24. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref54"><doi>10.1201/b16023-20</doi><unstructured_citation>RapidMiner, 2024. Altair RapidMiner. Data Analytics &amp; AI Platform. https://altair.com/altair-rapidminer. Accessed: 02-08-24. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref55"><unstructured_citation>WEKA, 2024. WEKA Data Infrastructure Built for the Cloud and AI Era. https://www.weka.io/company/aboutus/. Accessed: 02-08-24. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref56"><doi>10.1111/jcal.12982</doi><unstructured_citation>S. Alhazbi, A. Al-ali, A. Tabassum, A. Al-Ali, A. AlEmadi, T. Khattab, and M. A. Hasan, “Using learning analytics to measure self-regulated learning: A systematic review of empirical studies in higher education,” Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 1658–1674, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12982. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref57"><doi>10.1504/ijepee.2019.10026366</doi><unstructured_citation>E. Ponomarenko, A. Oganesyan, and V. Teslenko, “New trends in higher education: Massive open online courses as an innovative tool for increasing university performance,” International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 391–406, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEPEE.2019.104635. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref58"><doi>10.1007/s10639-022-11120-6</doi><unstructured_citation>Y. Jang, S. Choi, H. Jung, and H. Kim, “Practical early prediction of students’ performance using machine learning and explainable AI,” Education and Information Technologies, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 1–35, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11120-6. </unstructured_citation></citation><citation key="ref59"><doi>10.1016/j.dss.2024.114229</doi><unstructured_citation>E. Tiukhova, P. Vemuri, N. L. Flores, A. S. Islind, M. Óskarsdóttir, S. Poelmans, B. Baesens and M. Snoeck, “Explainable Learning Analytics: Assessing the stability of student success prediction models by means of explainable AI,” Decision Support Systems, vol. 182, 114229, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2024.114229.</unstructured_citation></citation></citation_list></journal_article></journal></body></doi_batch>